高低压成套电气设备知识问答汇总

Knowledge and answer summary of high and low voltage complete sets of electrical equipment

1、什么叫额定电压？

1. What is the rated voltage?

设备所标的并与电力系统某些有关运行特性的相间电压的有效值。

The effective value of the interphase voltage that is marked by the equipment and related to some operational characteristics of the power system.

2、什么叫相间额定工作电压？

2. What is the rated working voltage of the phase?

在规定条件下，保证电器正常工作的电压值。

Under the specified conditions, ensure the normal voltage value of the appliance.

3、什么叫额定绝缘电压？

3. What is the rated insulation voltage?

在规定条件下，用来度量电器及其部件的不同电位部分的绝缘强度、电器间隙和爬电距离的名义电压值，除非另有规定，此值为电器的最大额定工作电压。

Under the specified conditions, the nominal voltage value of the insulation, electrical gap, and climbing distance of the different potential parts of the electrical apparatus and its components, unless otherwise specified, is the maximum rated operating voltage of the electrical appliance.

4、什么叫额定电流？

4. What is the rated current?

开关设备在规定条件下，可以长期通过的工作电流值。

The working current value of switchgear can be passed for a long time under specified conditions.

5、什么叫额定工作电流？

5. What is the rated working current?

在规定条件下，保证电器正常工作的电流值。

Under the specified conditions, ensure the normal value of the electrical appliances.

6、什么是直流电？

6. What is a direct current?

直流电指电流方向一定，且大小不变的电流，如干电池。

Direct current refers to a certain current and a constant size current, such as a dry battery.

7、什么叫交流电？

7. What is an alternating current?

是指方向、大小随时间变化的电流。

It refers to the current that changes in direction and size with time.

8、什么叫电流？

8. What is the current?

物体内的电子在电场的作用下，有规则地向一个方向移动，就形成了电流。电流“I”表示。电流强度在数值上等于1秒钟内通过导线截面的电量的大小，通常用安培“A”表示，A、KA、mA、uA是不同单位的表示方法。

Electrons in the object move regularly in one direction under the action of an electric field, forming an electric current. The current "I" is expressed. The current intensity is equal to the size of the electric quantity passing through the conductor section in 1 seconds, usually expressed in ampere "A", and A, KA, mA and uA are the means of different units.

9、什么叫电压？

9. What is the voltage?

水要有水位才流动，与此相似，要使电荷作用有规则的移动，必须在电路两端有一个电位差，这就称为电压，用符号“U”表示，数值通常用伏特“V”表示，有V、KV、mV、uV等几个单位表示。

In order to make a regular movement of the charge action, there is a potential difference at both ends of the circuit. This is called a voltage, which is expressed as a symbol "U", and the value is usually expressed in volt "V", with a number of units such as V, KV, mV, uV and so on.

一个电源（发电机、电池）能够使电流持续不断沿着电路流动，就是因为它能使电路两端产生和维持电位差的能力就叫电源的电动势，用“E”表示；单位“V”，关系电流的大小，与电阻两端的电压高低成正比，与电阻的大小成反比。

A power supply (generator, battery) can make the current flow continuously along the circuit, which is because it can produce and maintain the potential difference between the two ends of the circuit, called the power of the power supply, which is expressed in "E"; the unit "V", the size of the relation current is proportional to the voltage at both ends of the resistance, and the size of the resistance. Inverse ratio.

10、什么是欧姆定律？

10. What is Ohm's law?

R＝U/I 式中：U：电压，R：电阻，I：电流，即回路中的电压与电流的比值。

R = U/I type: U: voltage, R: resistance, I: current, that is, the ratio of voltage to current in the circuit.

U＝I×R I＝U/R R＝U/I

U = I * R I = U/R R = U/I

11、什么叫节点？

11. What is a node?

三个或二个以上电路、元件的会交点叫节点。

The intersection point of three or more than two circuits or components is called a node.

12、什么叫支路？

12. What is the branch?

两个节点间的电路叫支路。

The circuit between the two nodes is called a branch.

13、什么叫回路？

13. What is the loop?

任意一个闭合的电路叫回路。

Any closed circuit is called a loop.

14、什么叫主回路？

14. What is the main circuit?

开关设备中预定关合和开断电路的所有导电部分。

All conductive parts in the switchgear are intended for closing and breaking circuits.

15、什么叫控制回路？

15. What is the control loop?

开关设备中，除主回路外，接入开、关；合、分闸操作回路的所有导电部分。

In the switchgear, all the conductive parts of the operation loop are closed and connected to the main circuit except for the main circuit.

16、什么叫辅助回路？

16. What is the auxiliary circuit?

开关设备中，除主回路和控制回路以外回路中所有导电部分。

In the switchgear, all the conductive parts except the main circuit and the control loop.

17、什么叫短路？短路会造成什么后果？

17. What is a short circuit? What is the consequence of a short circuit?

如果电源通向负载的两根导线不经过负载而相互直接接通，就发生了电源被短路的情况。

If the two leads of the power supply to the load are directly connected to each other without load, the power supply is short circuited.

因短路电流比正常工作电流大得多，这样大的电流能导致电气设备的过热，甚至烧毁电气设备，引起火灾。同时，短路电流还会产生很大的电动力，造成电气设备损坏，严重的断路事故甚至还会破坏电力系统的稳定，所以对运行中的电气设备应采取一定的保护措施，如安装自动开关，熔断器等。

Because the short circuit current is much larger than the normal working current, such a large current can cause the electrical equipment to overheat, or even burn the electrical equipment, causing a fire. At the same time, short circuit current will produce great electric power, causing electrical equipment damage, serious circuit breakage even will destroy the stability of power system, so the electrical equipment in operation should be protected, such as installation of automatic switch, fuse and so on.

18、什么是三相电路的中性电？什么是三相三线制供电？什么是三相四线制供电？

18. What is the neutral electricity of the three-phase circuit? What is three-phase three wire power supply? What is three-phase four wire power supply?

要把电源的三相绕阻联结成星形，必须遵守一定的联结规则。

In order to turn the three-phase winding of the power source into stars, we must observe certain rules of connection.

这个规则就是把三根绕阻的X、Y、Z连在一起，这点就叫做发电机的中性点，通常又叫零点。

The rule is to connect three resistive X, Y and Z together. This is called the neutral point of the generator, usually called zero.

三相电源的星形接法

Star connection of three phase power supply

星形或三角形接线的三相交流系统中，用三根导线传输电能的方式，叫三相三线制供电。三根导线分别接在星形或三角形接线的端点A、B、C。

In a three-phase AC system with star or delta connection, the transmission of electric energy by three conductors is called three-phase three wire power supply. The three wires are connected to A, B and C at the ends of star or delta connections respectively.

三相电源的三角形接法

Triangle connection of three phase power supply

三相交流星形（也叫“Y接”）系统中，用四根导线传输电能的方式，叫三相四线制供电。其中三根导线接在三相的端点A、B、C，一根导线接在中性点0。

The three-phase alternating star (also called "Y") system uses four wires to transmit electric energy, which is called three-phase four wire system. Three of them are connected to three terminal points A, B, C, and a conductor is connected to neutral point 0.

19、什么叫继电器？什么叫控制继电器？什么叫保护继电器？

19. What is a relay? What is the control relay? What is a protective relay?

继电器是当输入量（或激励量）满足某些规定条件时，能在一个或多个电气输出电路中产生预定跃变的一种器件。

A relay is a device that can generate a predetermined jump in one or more electrical output circuits when the input quantity (or excitation volume) meets certain specified conditions.

控制继电器是用于控制、操作电路或传递信息的一种继电器。

The control relay is a relay used to control, operate circuit or transmit information.

保护继电器是指单独或者与其它继电器组合在一起构成某个保护装置的一种电气量度继电器。保护继电器反映被保护对象的异常情况，按预定要求动作，警报信号或切除故障。

Protective relays refer to an electrical measuring relay that is combined alone or with other relays to form a protective device. The protection relay reflects the abnormal condition of the protected object, acts as an alarm signal or cuts out the fault according to the predetermined requirement.

20、电流继电器有什么用途？常用的型号有哪些？

20. What is the use of current relay? What are the commonly used models?

电流继电器是指电流达到规定值时即动作的继电器。一般用作保护继电器，也有部分用作控制继电器。

The current relay refers to the relay that acts when the current reaches the specified value. Generally used as protective relays, and some as control relays.

常用的电流继电器型号有DL—10、DL—20C、DL—30、GL—10、GL—20等。

The commonly used current relay models are DL - 10, DL - 20C, DL - 30, GL - 10, GL - 20, etc.

21、中间继电器有什么用途？常用的型号有哪些？

21. What is the use of intermediate relay? What are the commonly used models?

中间继电器实际是一个触头容量较大、触头数目较多的电压继电器，一般用于各种保护和自动控制装置中，作为辅助继电器，以增加保护和控制回路的接点数量和接点容量。

The intermediate relay is a voltage relay with large contact capacity and a large number of contacts. It is generally used in various protection and automatic control devices as auxiliary relays to increase the number of contact points and contact points of the protection and control loops.

常用的中间继电器型号有DZ—10、DZ—30、DZB

Commonly used intermediate relay models are DZ - 10, DZ - 30, DZB.